AMD A10-5800K APU 3.8Ghz - $129.17
ASRock MicroATX Motherboard FM2A75M-DGS - 54.99
Gigabyte AMD Radeon HD 7850 2 GB - $184.99
Corsair Vengeance Blue 4GB - $35.99
Cooler Master eXtreme Power Plus 550w - $49.99
NZXT Technologies TEMPEST 210 - $47.12
Asus 24xDVD-RW - $21.95
Total: $524.20
CPU/APU: It is powerful for a pretty much anything you can currently throw at it application wise and because it has a built in discrete AMD 7660D when combined with a AMD GPU you will be able to use crossfire with it and improve your gaming performance/experience.
Mobo: It has all you pretty much need usb 3.0, pci-e 16x, sata 6GB/s for a budget like this and is well liked as a cheap matx board.
GPU: Cause be kicks the 650ti so hard in performance that the 650 forgets what it's supposed to do in a system. Also the 7660D on the APU will give it a nice boost as well.
Ram: Because its ram and you need ram, so there is ram.
PSU: It has all the proper connections and power requirements for the system.
Case: Because it looks nice and has a bit of quality for how cheap it is.
DVD-Drive: Cause he seems to need it? You can always just go to a local computer shop and pick up a cheap one they have in like the parts bin for $8 or just get a USB 3.0 dvd drive. I personally use a USB 3.0 thats in my closet because I hardly ever need one and its just something else to collect dust in yoru case.